Ohio Assessments for Educators (OAE) Assessment of Professional Knowledge Practice Exam

Which stage of Erickson's development involves the struggle between initiative and feelings of guilt?

1. Learning Autonomy vs. Shame

2. Learning Initiative vs. Guilt

3. Integrity vs. Despair

4. Learning Identity vs. Identity Diffusion

The correct answer is: Learning Initiative vs. Guilt

The stage that involves the struggle between initiative and feelings of guilt is indeed Learning Initiative vs. Guilt. This stage occurs during early childhood, typically between the ages of 3 and 6 years. During this period, children begin to assert themselves more frequently and take initiative in play and other activities. They are eager to explore their environment, engage in imaginative play, and undertake new tasks. However, as they become more active and independent, they may also experience feelings of guilt when they overstep boundaries or if their initiatives lead to unintended outcomes. For instance, if a child tries to lead a game but it doesn't go well, they might feel guilty for taking charge. This internal conflict is crucial for their emotional and social development. Successfully navigating this stage allows children to develop a sense of purpose and the ability to initiate activities confidently. The other options pertain to different stages of development. Autonomy vs. Shame focuses on toddlers learning independence; Integrity vs. Despair is a later stage where individuals reflect on their lives; and Identity vs. Identity Diffusion deals with adolescents forming their personal identity. Each of these stages addresses different developmental challenges that are appropriate for the ages and contexts specific to those life periods.